! Hard functions as an adjective or an adverb, means difficult (a hard time) or solid (hard rock).
e.g. The roadmen work hard.
! Hardly functions as an adverb and means almost not or very little. It is often used with any (thing/one/where etc.) and ever. It is not used with negative words.
e.g. The roadmen hardly work.
Don’t say: I hardly never eat chocolate.
Say: I hardly ever eat chocolate.
VOCABULARY BUILDING
hardly likely – málo pravděpodobný
(can) hardly stand upright – sotva se držet na nohách
(can) hardly talk straight – sotva vládnout jazykem
hard as a brick – tvrdý jako kámen
hard blow – těžká rána
hard boiled eggs – vejce (vařená) natvrdo
hard cash – hotovost, pokladní hotovost
hard feelings – nepřátelský vztah
hard of hearing – nahluchlý
QUIZ: Use hard or hardly in these sentences.
-
My mum is so tired that she can _________ stand up.
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This slice of bread is very _______ .
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She tried very _______ to understand.
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His wife is so ill she eats _______ anything.
-
This exercise wasn’t very _________ to do.
-
My parents _________ ever go to the cinema.
KEY: 1. hardly, 2. hard, 3. hard, 4. hardly, 5. hard, 6. hardly
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